For nearly a decade, the United States’ $800 de minimis threshold acted as a high-speed lane for cross-border e-commerce. If an individual shipment to an American buyer was valued at $800 or less, it typically cleared under simplified procedures without duty. That system is now over. Following a 2025 policy shift, all UK-to-US consignments—regardless of [...]
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Cross-border trade is no longer just about containers, pallets, and stamps. Increasingly, what moves is data—software updates instead of discs, electronic bills of lading instead of paper originals, signed PDFs instead of wet-ink contracts. Over 2024–2025, negotiators at the World Trade Organization (WTO) converged on a stabilised text for a new e-commerce agreement that many [...]
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Introduction Cosmetics exports—from skincare and colour cosmetics to fragrances and aerosols—offer compelling growth for UK brands. Yet the path to a new market runs through a dense mesh of product-safety rules, market-specific registrations, exacting labelling norms, and precise border formalities. Treat these requirements as a single, end-to-end process—beginning with formula review and ending with a [...]
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Introduction: From Linear Chains to Learning Networks For decades, supply chains have behaved like long, linear conveyor belts: plan, source, make, move, deliver. In a world of volatile demand, climate disruption, port congestion, and regulatory churn, that model no longer holds. The supply chain of the future looks less like a line and more like [...]
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Introduction: From Paper Borders to Intelligent, Trust-Based Gateways Customs modernisation has moved from a worthy aspiration to an urgent operational necessity. Trade volumes continue to climb on the back of e-commerce and near-shoring, while geopolitical shocks, sanctions regimes, and stricter product standards multiply the data points a single shipment must carry. The twentieth-century border—paper forms, [...]
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Introduction Medical devices remain one of the United Kingdom’s most knowledge-intensive exports, ranging from Class I surgical dressings to Class III implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Since the country’s departure from the European Union, exporters must navigate a dual landscape: a domestic regulatory regime overseen by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and an autonomous [...]
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Introduction Offshore-wind nacelles from Newcastle, photovoltaic (PV) inverters from Cambridge, and hydrogen-electrolyser stacks manufactured in Sheffield are moving from British quaysides to power plants on every continent. International demand for renewable-energy infrastructure is expanding by double digits as governments race to achieve net-zero targets and diversify energy security. Yet the act of shipping a container [...]
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